Takes little energy to split two atoms in a fission reaction.Įxtremely high energy is required to bring two or more protons close enough that nuclear forces overcome their electrostatic repulsion. High density, high temperature environment is required.
In 2009, when work began in earnest at the National Ignition Facility, the Livermore laboratory released a video explaining its work.Comparison chart Nuclear Fission versus Nuclear Fusion comparison chartįission is the splitting of a large atom into two or more smaller ones.įusion is the fusing of two or more lighter atoms into a larger one.įission reaction does not normally occur in nature.įission produces many highly radioactive particles.įew radioactive particles are produced by fusion reaction, but if a fission "trigger" is used, radioactive particles will result from that.Ĭritical mass of the substance and high-speed neutrons are required.
#Nuclear fusion vs fission reactor output how to#
Researchers from 50 countries have been working on the problem of how to re-create and harness the energy of a fission reaction since the 1960s. In order to replicate the chemical process that powers stars in the universe, researchers at the National Ignition Facility employed the world’s most energetic lasers - 192 of them, to be exact - further compressing their intensity before shooting them into a cylinder the size of a small pebble that contained a small portion of hydrogen encased in diamond.īy blasting the hydrogen pellet with 2.05 megajoules of energy, which the New York Times noted is the equivalent of a pound of TNT, the chemical reaction was achieved, resulting in the release of 3 megajoules of energy. (John Jett and Jake Long/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/Handout via Reuters) Star power Laser energy is converted into X-rays inside a cylindrical shell known as a hohlraum. “Fusion could generate four times more energy per kilogram of fuel than fission (used in nuclear power plants) and nearly four million times more energy than burning oil or coal,” the IAEA says on its website. The upsides to fusion over fission have long been known to scientists. The waste byproduct of a fusion reaction is far less radioactive than in fission, and decays far more quickly. “Fusion, on the other hand, does not create any long-lived radioactive nuclear waste.” “Nuclear fission power plants have the disadvantage of generating unstable nuclei some of these are radioactive for millions of years,” the International Atomic Energy Agency states on its website. While fission and fusion both produce clean energy in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, fission comes with a glaring downside. Nuclear fission is the opposite of nuclear fusion in that the former unleashes energy by splitting heavy atoms apart. When that chemical reaction happens, it gives off energy. In order for that process to occur, the atoms must be subjected to extremely high temperatures and pressure. Nuclear fusion occurs when two atoms of a light element such as hydrogen are heated and fused together to form a heavier element such as helium. Being able to harness and replicate it means that humankind could one day tap an almost limitless source of energy that wouldn't contribute to the climate crisis caused by the burning of fossil fuels.īut what is nuclear fusion, and how did the team of scientists in California succeed in achieving what Granholm characterized as a breakthrough? Learning from the sun Nuclear fusion, after all, is the same energy that powers the sun and every other star in the universe. When Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm announced Tuesday that the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California had successfully produced a nuclear fusion reaction that creates a net energy gain, she hailed the event as “one of the most impressive scientific feats of the 21st century.”
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